A new, evolutionary explanation of markets and investor behavior Half of all Americans have money in the stock market, yet economists can’t agree on whether investors and markets are rational and efficient, as modern financial theory assumes, or irrational and inefficient, as behavioral economists believe--and as financial bubbles, crashes, and crises suggest. This is one of the biggest debates in economics and the value or futility of investment management and financial regulation hang on the outcome. In this groundbreaking book, Andrew Lo cuts through this debate with a new framework, the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis, in which rationality and irrationality coexist. Drawing on psychology, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and other fields, Adaptive Markets shows that the theory of market efficiency isn’t wrong but merely incomplete. When markets are unstable, investors react instinctively, creating inefficiencies for others to exploit. Lo’s new paradigm explains how financial evolution shapes behavior and markets at the speed of thought--a fact revealed by swings between stability and crisis, profit and loss, and innovation and regulation. A fascinating intellectual journey filled with compelling stories, Adaptive Markets starts with the origins of market efficiency and its failures, turns to the foundations of investor behavior, and concludes with practical implications--including how hedge funds have become the Galapagos Islands of finance, what really happened in the 2008 meltdown, and how we might avoid future crises. An ambitious new answer to fundamental questions in economics, Adaptive Markets is essential reading for anyone who wants to know how markets really work.
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内容简介:
A new, evolutionary explanation of markets and investor behavior Half of all Americans have money in the stock market, yet economists can’t agree on whether investors and markets are rational and efficient, as modern financial theory assumes, or irrational and inefficient, as behavioral economists believe--and as financial bubbles, crashes, and crises suggest. This is one of the biggest debates in economics and the value or futility of investment management and financial regulation hang on the outcome. In this groundbreaking book, Andrew Lo cuts through this debate with a new framework, the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis, in which rationality and irrationality coexist. Drawing on psychology, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, and other fields, Adaptive Markets shows that the theory of market efficiency isn’t wrong but merely incomplete. When markets are unstable, investors react instinctively, creating inefficiencies for others to exploit. Lo’s new paradigm explains how financial evolution shapes behavior and markets at the speed of thought--a fact revealed by swings between stability and crisis, profit and loss, and innovation and regulation. A fascinating intellectual journey filled with compelling stories, Adaptive Markets starts with the origins of market efficiency and its failures, turns to the foundations of investor behavior, and concludes with practical implications--including how hedge funds have become the Galapagos Islands of finance, what really happened in the 2008 meltdown, and how we might avoid future crises. An ambitious new answer to fundamental questions in economics, Adaptive Markets is essential reading for anyone who wants to know how markets really work.
内容简介:
这本书是对市场、投资者行为的全新的、划时代的阐述。
半个美国都投资于股市,但是经济学家和行为经济学家还在争吵不休:经典经济理论认为投资者是理性和有效率的,行为经济学家却认为人都是非理性和低效率的,这也是经济泡沫、经济崩溃和金融危机频发的原因。这是经济学方面*重要和*的分歧之一,这也是为什么对投资管理和金融管制到底有没有用,各界有不同的看法。
世界金融工程学知名学者罗闻全,就这个问题提出了一个全新的金融市场理论——适应性市场假说,他认为理性和非理性并存。
罗闻全是较早将神经科学、进化和计量经济学结合在一起来研究金融的经济学家,他综合利用神经科学、进化论和计量经济学、人工智能等领域的知识,揭示出至今为止的经济学基础理论——有效市场假说并不能概括全局。当市场动荡,投资者依据本能做出反应,为其他人留下了获利空间。适应性市场假说诠释了,金融进化是如何以思想的速度塑造人们和市场的,这也是投资者和市场在稳定和危机、获利和亏损、创新和监管之间摇摆的根本原因。
这本书包括了诸多领域的丰富故事,以市场的效率起源和失败历程为起点,阐述了投资者行为的核心原因,并*终落到实际:对冲基金是怎么成为“金融的加拉帕戈斯群岛”的,2008年金融危机的*为何,以及我们应如何避免引发下一场危机。
罗闻全对经济学理论的挑战、对市场现实的剖析,值得每位关心财富涨落、全球局势变化的读者深思。
编辑推荐:
金融工程学开创性学者,颠覆经济学经典理论 重新讨论理性人定义 找寻金融进化的逻辑,前沿思想揭示普通人的投资本能、金融危机的本质,跨金融、经济、神经科学、进化论、计量经济学、人工智能等多门学科,丰富的现实案例,生动有趣讲述人类情绪对投资、财富的影响
名人推荐:
不断变化的环境下,长期进化过程中形成的本能却是相对稳定的,这种本能让我们避免从一个极端到另一个极端,是智人得以稳定繁衍生存的决定性因素,即使这种本能在生命活动的一些情况中可能是低效的甚至是错误的。我们从出生开始就一直为适应周边环境进行学习,应对这些本能可能给我们带来的诸多不便或误导。金融市场就是这样的一个适应性学习场所。
——何平 清华大学金融系教授、中国金融研究中心主任
罗闻全巧妙地将多学科的研究成果和现实情况结合在一起,展示了市场是如何运转的,以及应如何对其进行有效监管。这部著作思想深邃,又不失幽默风趣,市场监管者应有所获益。
——西蒙·莱文 美国科学院院士、人文和科学院院士、美国国家科学奖章得主
我们习惯于编造故事,从中总结,再把所得出的经验和故事联系在一起。在这部著作中,罗闻全解释了,我们为什么会被一个好故事吸引,从而影响市场运转。他说明了金融灾难是如何发生的,并提出金融工程学将如何拯救世界。这一切都可以从这本妙趣横生的作品中领略到。
——帕特里克·亨利·温斯顿 MIT计算机科学家、人工智能领域先驱
罗闻全重新思考了经济学中的理性人定义,借助心理学、神经学、生物学、金融创新及危机等方面的认知,从有效市场假说发展出适应性市场假说。这本书提供了很多有价值的见解,也充满激情、欢乐、挫败和痛苦,本身就是理性思考和情感是如何相互促成重大发现的好例子。
——清泷信弘 知名经济学家、普林斯顿大学教授
对于不相信传统经济学理论的人来说,对于想了解经济是如何在创造了巨大财富的同时又带来惨重损失的人来说,《适应性市场》将生物学、心理学、道德结合在一起,展示了金融工程学将如何把世界变得更公平、更健康、更繁荣。
——彼得·汉考克 AIG总裁兼CEO
罗闻全是杰出的金融经济学家、具有远见卓识的创新者、勇敢的变革者、文采超凡的作家,以及坚定的理想主义者。这些特质共同塑造了这本书。《适应性市场》对金融创新发起了具有变革意义的探索,以先锋集团在1974年发行的头一只指数型互惠基金为起点,回顾了标准普尔500指数。这本书使我对新的投资技术、投资者喜好、交易效率有了新的认识。
——约翰·博格尔 美国先锋集团创始人